Application of multiscale coupling models in the numerical study of circulation system

Cardiovascular diseases have become a serious threat to human health now. With the rapid development of computer technology and medical imaging technology, the method of numerical simulation has become the main tool to explore the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases and to optimize the treatment planning. The cardiovascular system is a complex vascular network with multiscale characteristics, and the local hemodynamic phenomena in blood vessels is closely related to the overall blood flow distribution of the system. The hemodynamic characteristics in the local vessel and circulation system influences each other. Therefore, the traditional single-scale modeling method cannot accurately describe the real blood flow in blood vessels. While the numerical simulation of multiscale coupling model can effectively solve this problem. In this paper, the main methods of hemodynamic modeling in recent years are summarized, including lumped parameter model (0D model), distributed parameter model (1D model) and finite element model of (3D model), and their applications in cardiovascular studies. On this basis, the principles of several commonly used multiscale coupling models and their applications in cardiovascular disease researches and clinical practice are introduced, including 1D-0D, 3D-0D, and 3D-1D coupling model.