一种基于极值-留数的高背景噪声测试信号降噪方法研究
Journal of Vibration and Shock（2019）
Abstract
测试噪声是实际工程结构振动测试时难以避免的信号成分;当结构真实模态淹没于测试噪声之中时,传统的降噪方法往往将该部分真实模态与噪声一并消除,导致结构固有信息损失.提出一种能够适用于高背景噪声实测信号的降噪新方法,该方法建立在实测信号由一系列复指数信号成分的线性叠加基础之上,基于低阶状态空间模型将各复指数信号成分表征为一系列的极值及留数,建立极值与频率之间的转换关系,通过施加频率窗口分离出预定频率窗口内的极值和对应的留数,最终获得降噪后的重构信号;与传统的高阶模型相比,因采用低阶状态空间模型可以大大降低矩阵的条件数,数值稳定性更好.同时,将实测信号表示为一系列复指数信号成分,可以克服传统傅里叶分解技术的能量泄露和漏频等问题,通用性更广;首先选用一质量-弹簧-阻尼模型,通过构造不同信噪比的响应信号,开展了新方法降噪效果的研究;结果证实,信号的信噪比分别为40 dB、30 dB、20 dB和10 dB时,该方法都能有效消除信号的噪声.为进一步验证方法的有效性,选用一实际海洋平台实测加速度响应信号进行研究,结果表明实测信号消噪后识别的模态频率成分与已有测试结果基本一致,验证了方法的有效性.
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