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    • O2reduction and Structure‐related Parameters for Supported Catalysts

    S. Mukerjee,S. Srinivasan

    Handbook of Fuel Cells（2010）

    Cited 6|Views3
    Abstract
    AbstractSupported electrocatalysts starting with the initial patent by Petrow and Allen opened up a new horizon in the field of fuel cell electrocatalysis. Choice of new chemical dispersion methods and choice of carbon support materials led to a quantum jump in the performance of low and intermediate temperature acid and alkaline fuel cells. Among the advantages realized early were: (i) lowering overpotential losses in the activation, mass transport and ohmic polarization regions; (ii) mitigating corrosion and sintering problems; and (iii) increased catalyst utilization and hence decreased cost of noble metals by one or two orders of magnitude. This chapter reviews the fundamental and technological progress in the research on supported electrocatalysts for both phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) and polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs). Early developments in the realization of particle size effects and the interplay between electronic and short range atomic order has been chronicled for the more kinetically difficult oxygen reduction reaction, until the advent of Pt alloy electrocatalysts. The effect of carbon support is also examined from the perspective of possible catalyst‐support synergy both in terms of imparting improved electrocatalysis but also in terms of increased stability (resistance to sintering). Methods of dispersing metals on carbon support are chronicled along with some new developments. In addition, newer techniques involving synchrotron X‐ray techniques are presented in terms of elucidating the true nature of electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction. Some new perspectives on the continued use of these supported electrocatalysts are presented, especially in the emerging field of new synthesis routes for making tailored Pt alloy electrocatalysts.
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    Alkaline Fuel Cells,PEM Fuel Cells,Catalysts
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