Learning Fast and Slow: A Redux of Levels of Learning in General Autonomous Intelligent Agents

Autonomous intelligent agents, including humans, operate in a complex, dynamic environment that necessitates continuous learning. We revisit our thesis that proposes that learning in human-like agents can be categorized into two levels: Level 1 (L1) involving innate and automatic learning mechanisms, while Level 2 (L2) comprises deliberate strategies controlled by the agent. Our thesis draws from our experiences in building artificial agents with complex learning behaviors, such as interactive task learning and open-world learning.