Attraction from kinetic frustration in ladder systems

We analyze the formation of multiparticle bound states in ladders with frustrated kinetic energy in two-component bosonic and two-component fermionic systems. We focus on the regime of light doping relative to insulating states at half-filling, spin polarization close to 100%, and strong repulsive interactions. A special feature of these systems is that the binding energy scales with single-particle tunneling t rather than exchange interactions, since effective attraction arises from alleviating kinetic frustration. For two-component Fermi systems on a zigzag ladder we find a bound state between a hole and a flipped spin (magnon) with a binding energy that can be as large as 0.6t. We demonstrate that magnon-hole attraction leads to formation of clusters comprising several holes and magnons, and we expound on antiferromagentic correlations for the transverse spin components inside the clusters. We identify several many-body states that result from self-organization of multiparticle bound states, including a Luttinger liquid of hole-magnon pairs and a density wave state of two-hole–three-magnon composites. We establish a symmetry between the spectra of Bose and Fermi systems and use it to establish the existence of antibound states in two-component Bose mixtures with SU(2) symmetric repulsion on a zigzag ladder. We also consider Bose and Fermi systems on a square ladder with flux and demonstrate that both systems support bound states. We discuss experimental signatures of multiparticle bound states in both equilibrium and dynamical experiments. We point out intriguing connections between these systems and the quark bag model in QCD. Published by the American Physical Society 2024