Osseointegration Potential of Boron-Coated Titanium Alloy Pedicle Screw in Rabbit Spine Model

Abstract Study Design: Prospective, randomized controlled trial Objective To enhance stem cell conversion and osseointegration using boron-coated screws and leveraging boron compounds' properties. Background Data: The sustained functionality of spinal implants is critical, and titanium alloys, despite advantages, face challenges like weak osteogenic ability. This study focuses on addressing these issues through boron-coated titanium alloy pedicle screws, aiming to improve osseointegration rates by utilizing boron compounds' antibacterial and antifungal properties. Methods Rabbits (n = 10/group) were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Under anesthesia, access was gained to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle tissue. In the control group, standard 3.5x14 mm titanium alloy pedicle screws were unilaterally placed in the L6 and L7 lumbar spines, connected by a rigid rod. In the experimental group, 3.5x14 mm boron-coated titanium pedicle screws were similarly placed and connected. Tissues were closed, and rabbits were kept alive for 12 weeks before sacrifice. Histological examination and statistical analysis of results were conducted. Results In the rabbit spine model, boron-coated titanium alloy pedicle screws exhibited a statistically comparable osseointegration rate to standard ones (p = 0.302). The levels of necrosis (p = 0.653) and fibrosis (p = 0.086) around boron-coated screws were similar to those observed around titanium alloy pedicle screws. Conclusion Boron-coated pedicle screws exhibited osseointegration comparable to standard ones. The levels of necrosis and fibrosis around the screws were within acceptable ranges. Despite their known stronger biomechanical properties, they can be considered as a superior alternative to standard ones.