P-Value Reporting and Reliability in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Primer for Readers and Investigators.

The p-value is ubiquitous in research. However, misuse and misinterpretation are common. This special topics article aims to demystify the p-value for researchers, students, physicians, and experienced investigators alike. To accomplish this aim, the origins of the p-value, what they represent, and principles of application are described through use of examples from real datasets. Developing understanding of the true meaning of this statistical measure has the power to improve and inform clinical research.