Frequency-Constrained Unit Commitment Considering Pumped Hydro Storage's Participation in Primary Frequency Regulation

To investigate the crucial role of pumped hydro storage (PHS) in primary frequency regulation (PFR) within the context of unit commitment (UC) problems, this paper proposes a frequency-constrained unit commitment considering PHS's participation in PFR (PHS-FCUC). Firstly, a detailed modeling of PHS within the framework of the average system frequency (ASF) model is provided to obtain the frequency dynamic response equation for a multi-machine system including the PHS and thermal units. Then, by constructing the frequency deviation curve, a concise and practical expression for the frequency nadir constraint is obtained. Following this, the dynamic frequency constraints are integrated into the UC model, resulting in the creation of the PHS-FCUC model. Finally, based on real data from a provincial-level power grid in south China, multiple scenario cases with varying levels of renewable energy source (RES) penetration and PHS ratios are designed. The proposed model is solved using particle swarm optimization algorithms, and the results are compared with the traditional unit commitment (TUC) model and traditional frequency-constrained unit commitment (FCUC) model. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the model.