LIGHT signaling through LTR and HVEM in keratinocytes promotes psoriasis and atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation

Psoriasis (PS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are common skin inflammatory diseases characterized by hyperresponsive keratinocytes. Although, some cytokines have been suggested to be specific for each disease, other cytokines might be central to both diseases. Here, we show that Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), known as LIGHT, is required for experimental PS, similar to its requirement in experimental AD. Mice devoid of LIGHT, or deletion of either of its receptors, lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT beta R) and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), in keratinocytes, were protected from developing imiquimod-induced psoriatic features, including epidermal thickening and hyperplasia, and expression of PS -related genes. Correspondingly, in single cell RNA-seq analysis of PS patient biopsies, LT beta R transcripts were found strongly expressed with HVEM in keratinocytes, and LIGHT was upregulated in T cells. Similar transcript expression profiles were also seen in AD biopsies, and LT beta R deletion in keratinocytes also protected mice from allergen -induced AD features. Moreover, in vitro, LIGHT upregulated a broad spectrum of genes in human keratinocytes that are clinical features of both PS and AD skin lesions. Our data suggest that agents blocking LIGHT activity might be useful for therapeutic intervention in PS as well as in AD.