Eosinophilia is a favorable marker for pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background:Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) expressing eosinophilia experience slightly fewer episodes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) than those without eosinophilia. However, the severity and burden of hospitalized pneumonia patients with COPD concerning eosinophilia have not been assessed. Methods:We evaluated the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with CAP and COPD with or without eosinophilia by a post-hoc analysis of a prospective, multi-center, cohort study data. Results:Of 349 CAP patients with COPD, 45 (12.9%) had eosinophilia (blood eosinophil ≥ 300 cells/µL). Patients with eosinophilia had a lower sputum culture percentile (8.1% vs. 23.4%, P < 0.05), a lower percentile of neutrophils (70.3% vs 80.2%, P<0.05), reduced C-reactive protein levels (30.6 mg/L vs 86.6 mg/L, P<0.05), and a lower pneumonia severity index score (82.5 vs. 90.0, P < 0.05) than those without eosinophilia. The duration of antibiotic treatment (8.0 days vs. 10.0 days, P < 0.05) and hospitalization (7.0 days vs. 9.0 days, P < 0.05) were shorter in eosinophilic patients. The cost of medical care per day (256.4 US$ vs. 291.0 US$, P < 0.05), cost for the medication (276.4 US$ vs. 349.9 US$, P < 0.05), and cost for examination (685.5 US$ vs 958.1 US$, P<0.05) were lower in patients with eosinophilia than those without eosinophilia. Conclusion:Eosinophilia serves as a favorable marker for severity of pneumonia, health-care consumption, and cost of medical care in patients with CAP and COPD.