Investigating aggregation of heavy oil droplets: Effect of asphaltene anionic carboxylic

Understanding the impact of asphaltene molecules on heavy oil droplet aggregation is vital for oil field development. Here, the impact of terminal carboxyl groups in asphaltene molecules on heavy oil droplet aggregation was investigated. Results suggest that the anionic asphaltenes were more readily adsorbed onto the water–oil interface than normal asphaltenes. Stacking structures between asphaltene and resin involve predominant face-to-face and edge-to-face aggregation. The anionic asphaltene system boosts grid strength (Asp-Asp interaction) and interaction with water (Asp-water interaction) among oil droplet molecules. We hope these insights that can offer strategies for improving the efficiency and sustainability of heavy oil extraction.