Prioritizing High-Precision Photometric Monitoring of Exoplanet and Brown Dwarf Companions with JWST – Strategic Exoplanet Initiatives with HST and JWST White Paper
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We advocate for the prioritization of high-precision photometric monitoring
of exoplanet and brown dwarf companions to detect brightness variability
arising from features in their atmospheres. Measurements of photometric
variability provide not only an insight into the physical appearances of these
companions, but are also a direct probe of their atmospheric structures and
dynamics, and yield valuable estimates of their rotation periods. JWST is
uniquely capable of monitoring faint exoplanet companions over their full
rotation periods, thanks to its inherent stability and powerful high-contrast
coronagraphic imaging modes. Rotation period measurements can be further
combined with measurements of v sin i obtained using high-resolution
spectroscopy to infer the viewing angle of a companion. Photometric monitoring
over multiple rotation periods and at multiple epochs will allow both short-
and long-term time evolution in variability signals to be traced. Furthermore,
the differences between the layers in a companion's atmosphere can be probed by
obtaining simultaneous photometric monitoring at different wavelengths through
NIRCam dual-band coronagraphy. Overall, JWST will reach the highest
sensitivities to variability to date and enable the light curves of substellar
companions to be characterised with unprecedented cadence and precision at the
sub-percent level.
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