Associations between dietary diversity and dyslipidemia among Japanese workers: cross-sectional study and longitudinal study findings

The aim of this study was to determine the associations between dietary diversity and risk of dyslipidemia in Japanese workers. The cross-sectional study included 1399 participants aged 20–63 years and the longitudinal study included 751 participants aged 20–60 years in 2012–2013 (baseline) who participated at least once from 2013 to 2017 with cumulative participation times of 4.9 times. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score (DDS) was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed when at least one of the following conditions was met: hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high non-HDL-cholesterol, and a history of dyslipidemia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95