Impact of bi-facial PV panels’ presence as the novel option on the energy management and scheduling of the interconnected grids: Comprehensive outlook

This study examines the effect of novel photovoltaic (PV) panels called bi-facial PV on the energy planning and management of the proposed interconnected grid. Dual buildings are assumed to be different applications interacting with each other and the upstream network. Various renewable and non-renewable energy resources are considered, including CHP, boiler, wind turbine (WT), and electrical and thermal energy storage. The goal is to minimize multi-objective functions of total cost and contamination simultaneously. Bi-facial PV panels can also receive reflected light from the environment (depending on various albedo), resulting in an additional 20% growth in produced power. The problem is formulated as the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and solved in GAMS software by CPLEX solver. The optimization problem is solved by using epsilon constraints method and fuzzy satisfying approach. In order to reach accurate results, the diverse demands of the proposed buildings and renewable-based units’ obtainable power are calculated using Energy Plus and Design Builder software. The study represents two scenarios in which mono-facial and bi-facial planning are exerted. The final results show that a 20% increase in produced power significantly impacts the exchangeable power between buildings and the upstream network, leading to a noticeable cost reduction. Furthermore, it depicts a slight change in overall pollution.