Hospitalisation and Adverse Drug Events in a Geriatric Oncology Setting: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background Geriatric Oncology is a specialty where a multidisciplinary approach can address the unmet needs of older adults with cancer. Older adults are at increased risk of adverse drug events (ADE) due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, increasing treatment complexity, and medication burden. Objectives To review the literature to determine the incidence of unplanned hospitalisation due to ADE for all medications, both systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) and non-SACT medications. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The search included the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. A manual search of Scopus was then performed. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework. Results Overall, three studies were included. One observational study reported 19% of unplanned hospital admissions due to ADE in patients aged ≥70 years with cancer. The first retrospective study reported 24% of unplanned hospital admissions are due to ADE in patients aged ≥70 years with cancer, and the second retrospective study reported 26% of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors had an unplanned hospital admission due to an ADE. Conclusion There is a paucity of studies assessing unplanned hospitalisation due to ADE in older adults with cancer. Future studies are needed and should account for the reporting of potential ADE relative to supportive care, ancillary medications, and indeed chronic medications used to treat long-standing comorbidities.