Association between clinical symptoms and MRI image findings in symptomatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease: A systematic review

Aim To evaluate the association between clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods Relevant articles on humans over 18 years of age were obtained from five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to August 2022. Risk of bias assessment was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The GRADEpro (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) instrument was applied to assess the level of evidence across studies in a GRADE Summary of Findings table. Results In total, 22 studies were included in this systematic review. Of these, 11 studies highlighted that joint pain was positively associated with particular MRI findings: joint effusion, bone marrow edema, disk displacement with/without reduction, and condylar erosion. Masticatory muscle pain was found to have a strong positive correlation with disk displacement in four studies. Five studies found no significant association between MRI findings and masticatory muscle pain. Range of motion and MRI findings were examined in six studies. Limited mouth opening was found to be correlated with disk displacement in five studies. Of the 11 studies evaluating the correlation between joint noise and MRI findings, eight reported a significant association between disk displacement and TMJ noise. Conclusion The results suggested that patients with joint pain and limited range of motion may benefit from MRI. Patients exhibiting primarily muscle pain are unlikely to benefit clinically from MRI. Future studies with improved quality are warranted.