Polymersomes: A Novel Approach for Cancer Theranostics

Background: In the recent epochs of advancement in the field of oncology, polymersomes- based drug delivery systems have witnessed a significant breakthrough. Nano-sized carriers formed from amphiphilic block-copolymers, have distinctive compositions and structures, enabling them to encapsulate a diverse range of compounds. Objective: This comprehensive review aims to highlight the significant advancements reflecting progress made in the past few decades and their potential in cancer treatments, offering a promising future for improved patient outcomes and as a tool for theranostics. Method: Different approaches for synthesizing nanocarriers with distinct responsive characteristics have been mentioned. Redox-responsive polymersomes are designed, and their self-assembly behavior is studied. pH-responsive are created using specific copolymers, while enzyme-responsive ones are engineered to degrade in the presence of lysosomal enzymes using various approaches like thin-film hydration, nanoprecipitation, etc. Result: Polymersomes have exhibited remarkable breakthroughs in cancer theranostics and addressed various challenges associated with drug targeting, diminishing the toxicity, and related issues, exhibiting advantages such as enhanced stability, prolonged circulation time, and the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Over the past few decades, they have been proven as a breakthrough approach for cancer therapy. Conclusion: Polymersomes present a promising platform for advancing cancer therapeutics and diagnostics, offering a multifunctional approach that combines targeted drug delivery with imaging capabilities. Their versatility makes them valuable tools for researchers and practitioners in the field of medicine.