Training Background and Demographic Characteristics of Primary Care Team Physicians in Professional Sports

Background: Previous studies have shown that most professional head and orthopaedic team physicians are men, and most orthopaedic team physicians are fellowship-trained. It is unknown whether this holds true for primary care team physicians.Purpose: To evaluate the residency and fellowship training background as well as the demographic characteristics of primary care team physicians in professional sports.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: Publicly available information was used to determine the lead and supporting primary care team physicians for every US-based team in Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Basketball Association, National Football League, National Hockey League, National Women's Soccer League, and Women's National Basketball Association. Data regarding training background and sex were obtained using internet-based sources.Results: We identified 310 primary care team physicians from all 165 US-based teams in the 7 leagues included in the study. Female physicians comprised 11.5% (19/165) of the lead primary care team physicians and 14.2% (44/310) of all primary care team physicians. Overall, 66.7% (110/165) of lead primary care team physicians and 75.5% (234/310) of all primary care team physicians were sports medicine fellowship-trained. There was a higher proportion of female (37.5%) and fellowship-trained (93.8%) physicians in women's professional sports leagues. Most primary care team physicians (244/310 [78.7%]) were trained in family medicine or internal medicine.Conclusion: Women constituted a small minority of primary care team physicians in professional sports. Most primary care team physicians were residency trained in family medicine or internal medicine and were sports medicine fellowship-trained. The proportion of female and fellowship-trained primary care team physicians was highest in the National Women's Soccer League and the Women's National Basketball Association.