Clinical benefits of symptom resolution after palliative surgery in advanced cancer: a single-center experience

Background Palliative surgery (PS) is defined as any surgical procedure aimed at improving quality of life or relieving symptoms caused by an advanced or metastatic cancer. The involvement of patients, caregivers, and other professional figures is crucial for obtaining optimal symptom relief and avoiding complications. This study aims to evaluate the short-term outcome and related factors in patients undergoing PS. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was performed in consecutive patients who underwent palliative gastrointestinal surgery at our surgical unit during the period June 2018 to May 2023. Demographic, clinical, pathological and follow-up data were collected from a prospectively maintained department database. The main outcomes were complications, symptoms palliation, symptoms recurrence and return to systemic chemotherapy. Standard statistical analysis was performed. Results During the study period, 127 patients underwent palliative surgery. The Clavien-Dindo 3–5 complication rate and mortality rate were 19.7% and 6%, respectively. The resolution of symptoms was achieved in 109 patients (89%). Successful symptom palliation was significantly related to the possibility of returning to systemic chemotherapy (SC) (OR 9.30 95% CI 0.1.83-47.18, p 0.007). The only factor related to survival in multivariate analysis was the return to systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.25 95% CI 0.15-0.42 0.001). Conclusion PS in selected patients is effective for symptom resolution and improving overall survival, if the result is making anticancer therapy possible. Prospective data collection is in any case warranted in every institution performing PS for the purpose of monitoring appropriateness and quality of surgical care.