A Review on Toxins Mediated Neuro Diseases and Ameliorative Role of Certain Phytochemicals

According to an estimate, about 6.8 million people die every year as a result of neurological disorders. These disorders arise due to degeneration of nerve cells and disrupt normal brain functions impacting personal and professional behaviour like cognition, retention and neurological functions. Though there are many reasons attributed to the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases like genetic, environmental, age, physiological processes etc. The free radicals are formed in the body as a normal product of aerobic metabolism, but it can also be formed due to increased exposure of environmental toxins like heavy metals (aluminium, arsenic, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, lead), pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates), and chronic inflammations or certain disease conditions. If the turnover of free radicals is not maintained, they ultimately lead to initiation of several diseases such as the hepatic, renal, cardiac, neurodegenerative disorders and many more. Brain cells completely depend on oxygen and glucose for energy requirement the increased free radicals may disrupt this process making the individual susceptible to diseases. In this review we have discussed an update of various aspects of neurodegenerative diseases arising due to environment neurotoxins, intrinsic factors, and their amelioration.