Improvement of water solidification via nanotechnology considering transient conduction within finned tank

This study models the discharge in a rectangular tank which is full of water as PCM. To accelerate the discharge, nanoparticles have been introduced into the water PCM. The overall efficiency of the unit is significantly prejudiced by the fraction and diameter of nanopowders. To ensure accurate modeling, the extended code of FEM was validated. In this exploration, we delve into the impact of ϕ (concentration of additives) and dp (diameter), providing insights into the completion time for each scenario. However, an increase in particle size from 40 to 50 nm leads to an approximately 41.57