Sourcing chitin from exoskeleton of Tenebrio molitor fed with polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap

In this work we have characterized and compared chitin sourced from exoskeleton of Tenebrio molitor larvae fed with polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap combined with bran in the ratio 1: 1 with chitin sourced from larvae exoskeleton fed only with bran. Analysis of the frass by ATR-FTIR showed very similar spectra and confirmed degradation of the plastic feed components, while ATR-FTIR analysis of the exoskeleton verified the absence of any plastic residue. Deproteinization followed by demineralization produced 6.78–5.29 % chitin, showing that plastic (polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap) in the larvae diet resulted in heavier insect exoskeleton, but yielded slightly less chitin, with the lowest value obtained for plastic kitchen wrap in the insect diet. The deacetylation degree of 98.17–98.61 % was determined from measured ATR-FTIR spectra. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of α-chitin with a crystallinity index of 66.5–62 % and crystallite size 4–5 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis showed similar degradation curves for all chitin samples, with two degradation steps. These results show that chitin sourced from exoskeleton of T. molitor larvae fed with plastic (polystyrene or plastic kitchen wrap) and contributing to significant biodegradation of major polluting materials can be a feasible and alternative source of chitin, further promoting a bio-circular economy.