Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Is a Safe and Feasible Technique for Mediastinal Parathyroid Lesions

Introduction: Hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands in the mediastinum pose a challenge to diagnosis and require optimal surgical management. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach, offering potential benefits in terms of both patient comfort and oncological principles. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of VATS for the treatment of hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands in the mediastinum.Methods: Among the 538 patients with mediastinal tumors who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at Istanbul University (2008-2021), 11 exhibited hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands. The localization of the glands was performed using various diagnostic techniques, including neck ultrasound, sestamibi scan, CT (computerized tomography), and SPECT (Single-photon emission computed tomography). VATS (Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) was used to remove ectopic parathyroid glands in all 11 patients, with no need for conversion to open surgery.Results: The pathological results showed that VATS successfully removed the ectopic glands in all 11 patients. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were monitored intraoperatively, and frozen sections were used to confirm the presence of parathyroid adenomas in all cases. Postoperative analysis showed that PTH levels dropped by at least 50% within 10-15 minutes after adenoma removal.Conclusion: VATS is a safe and effective method for the treatment of hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands in the mediastinum with a low risk of complications.