Exploring Structural Compatibility and Energy Storage Performances Enhancement in Lead-free BNT Dielectric Ceramics with NBTP Glass Integration

An innovative approach was adopted to improve the energy storage and dielectric properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics by incorporating a glass additive. The chosen Na2O-Bi2O3-TiO2-P2O5 (NBTP) glass shares a similar atomic composition to minimize any alteration of the crystalline structure and the build-up of impurities. Simultaneously, we investigate the feasibility of offsetting Bi and Na losses during the synthesis process. XRD and Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the formation of pure BNT phases with no secondary phases. Dielectric parameters were evaluated in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz, over a wide temperature range of 30 °C to 270 °C, showing minimal variation in their values for the composites with lower glass content. Our findings indicate a notable reduction in grain size and the sintering temperature with improved relative density, leading to enhanced energy storage and efficiency in BNT-based ceramics. The composite with 2.5 wt% glass content shows the highest recovered energy of 154.9 mJ/cm3 with an energy efficiency of 88.64 %, making it particularly promising for advanced capacitor technology.