Understanding rapid oral health deterioration and its associated factors among older adults: A scoping review

Background Understanding the pivotal interplay between systemic and oral health is paramount to ensuring holistic care, particularly among the aging demographic. Therefore, this review article aims to explore the emerging concept of Rapid Oral Health Deterioration (ROHD) by reviewing the current knowledge base among older adults and identifying knowledge gaps in this area of research. Methods This scoping review was conducted in line with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework between December 2023 and March 2024 and reported while adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic database search was performed across three databases i.e. PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to collate the existing literature published in English between January 2013 and February 2024 addressing ROHD among older adults. After data charting, a critical appraisal of the selected studies was followed by qualitative thematic analysis. Results Among the 12 papers in this scoping review, 10 were cross-sectional studies, with one each of retrospective cohort and case-control studies. The qualitative thematic analysis of the selected articles resulted in the emergence of four main themes: risk factors for ROHD, attributes related to ROHD, challenges encountered in the management of ROHD, and management approaches for ROHD among older adults. Conclusions This scoping review provides an overview of the rapid deterioration of oral health among older adults. Age-related dental disease harms the quality of life and overall health. To avoid dental disorders and to maintain and improve oral health in older adults, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach is essential. If ROHD is not treated, it may lead to poor health, a lower quality of life, and in severe cases, systemic infections that increase hospitalizations and possibly cause death.