Revolutionizing Poultry Hygiene: Advanced Electrostatic and Cold Fog Disinfection Strategies Combat Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Hatching Eggs

The incidence of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) due to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) contamination in hatching eggs poses a serious threat to poultry health and hatchability. Implementing effective sanitization methods while safeguarding the hatching potential of embryos is crucial. This study aimed to explore novel techniques for sanitizing hatching-fertile eggs to prevent and manage MG-associated CRD. The primary objective was to assess the efficacy of acidic electrochemically stimulated water (ECS), focusing on MG disinfection. Additionally, the study investigated two application methods, 1) electrostatic disinfection (ED) and 2) cold fog (CF) disinfection, to evaluate their bactericidal effects against MG-contaminated eggs. Deliberately infected MG strains were used for the experimental design, which compared the disinfection efficacy of ECS with its acidic properties. The comparison involved ED, which applies an electrostatic charge to water particles, and CF disinfection, a cold mist technique. Both methods aimed to target MG without compromising egg-hatching potential. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). However, both application methods demonstrated distinct bactericidal effects. Eggs treated with electrostatic disinfection showed a significant reduction in embryonic mortality during incubation (10%) compared to control untreated eggs (18.3%). Similarly, the CF method exhibited a significant decrease in embryonic mortality (13%). The ECS potential in reducing embryonic mortality within the pH range of 2.5-6.5 was noted. Both ED and CF methods show promise in preventing MG-induced hatchery infection while maintaining egg-hatching potential. This study presents innovative techniques to control MG in hatching eggs, contributing to improved poultry health and reduced CRD incidence.