Bromine-Enhanced Polarization for Strengthening Ultra-Thin Copper Foil in Lithium-Ion Battery

Reducing the weight of the negative current collector is an effective strategy for lightweighting vehicle batteries. Herein, thin copper foil with high tensile strength was prepared through electrodeposition in Br--based aqueous solution. The synergistic effect of additive Br-, polyethylene glycol (PEG), Bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS) on the microstructure and tensile strength of the copper foils have been systematically explored. It was found that the addition of Br- modifies the microstructure of copper via grain refinement, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of copper foil. The obtained copper foil reaches an enhanced tensile strength of 469.8 N/mm2 and an elongation of 2.2%. The results of electrochemical measurements confirm that Br- enhances electrochemical polarization of PEG and attenuates the acceleration of SPS. The improved mechanical properties of copper foils are attributed to the closer proximity and stronger adsorption energy between Br- and Cu atoms, which results in a synergy of grain refinement and nanotwinned grains associated with increased dislocation density as well as dislocations entangled around nanotwin GBs.