Composite Nanoarchitectonics Towards Method for Everything in Materials Science

The characteristic feature of a biofunctional system is that components with various functions work together. These multi-components are not simply mixed together, but are rationally arranged. The fundamental technologies to do this in an artificial system include the synthetic chemistry of the substances that make the component unit, the science and techniques for assembling them, and the technology for analyzing their nanoostructures. A new concept, nanoarchitectonics, can play this role. Nanoarchitectonics is a post-nanotechnology concept that involves building functional materials that reflect the nanostructures. In particular, the approach of combining and building multiple types of components to create composite materials is an area where nanoarchitectonics can be a powerful tool. This review summarizes such examples and related composite studies. In particular, examples are presented in the areas of catalyst photocatalyst, energy, sensing environment, bio medical, and various other functions and applications to illustrate the potential for a wide range of applications. In order to show the various stages of development, the examples are not only state-of-the-art, but also include those that are successful developments of existing research. Finally, a summary of the examples and a brief discussion of future challenges in nanoarchitectonics will be given. Nanoarchitectonics is applicable to all materials and aims to establish the ultimate methodology of materials science.