Phosphorylation of Mad1 at serine 18 by Mps1 is required for the full virulence of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins are conserved among eukaryotes safeguarding chromosome segregation fidelity during mitosis. However, their biological functions in plant-pathogenic fungi remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that the SAC protein MoMad1 in rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) localizes on the nuclear envelope and is dispensable for M. oryzae vegetative growth and tolerance to microtubule depolymerizing agent treatment. MoMad1 plays an important role in M. oryzae infection-related development and pathogenicity. The monopolar spindle 1 homologue in M. oryzae (MoMps1) interacts with MoMad1 through its N-terminal domain and phosphorylates MoMad1 at Ser-18, which is conserved within the extended N termini of Mad1s from fungal plant pathogens. This phosphorylation is required for maintaining MoMad1 protein abundance and M. oryzae full virulence. Similar to the deletion of MoMad1, treatment with Mps1-IN-1 (an Mps1 inhibitor) caused compromised appressorium formation and decreased M. oryzae virulence, and these defects were dependent on its attenuating MoMad1 Ser-18 phosphorylation. Therefore, our study indicates the function of Mad1 in rice blast fungal pathogenicity and sheds light on the potential of blocking Mad1 phosphorylation by Mps1 to control crop fungal diseases.