Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential, and in vitro antidiabetic activity of Grewia lasiodiscus (K Schum) leaves extract

Introduction: Grewia lasiodiscus is recognized for its therapeutic potential in addressing emesis, diabetes, hypertension, and oxidative stress. This research evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of G. lasiodiscus leaf extract using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in a glucose absorption model. Methods: Phytochemical screening, quantification of phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, in conjunction with in vitro antioxidant evaluations using the 2,2’-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and Ferric-reducing power test (FRAP) were conducted on the hydroethanolic extract. The assessment of the antidiabetic impact involved the measurement of yeast cell glucose absorption, with an additional investigation into their glucose adsorption capabilities. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenes, glycosides, and phenols in the hydroethanolic extract, while alkaloids and saponins were absent. Quantitative analysis revealed substantial levels of phenols (200.92 ± 0.00 milligrams equivalent to catechin per gram (mgEqC/g)), flavonoids (31.75 ± 0.25 mgEqC/g), and condensed tannins (2740.44 ± 142.66 mgEqC/g). The extract demonstrated noteworthy antioxidant activity, corresponding to an IC50 value of 91.11 ± 0.11 μg/mL in the DPPH test and ferric reducing power of 11.35 ± 1.42 mmol/L. Furthermore, the extract enhanced glucose absorption by yeast cells, reaching up to 75%, in a manner directly proportional to glucose concentration and extract weight, indicating dose-dependent effects across glucose levels. Conclusion: G. lasiodiscus leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties probably attributed to its phenolic compounds. Further research, including in vivo studies and toxicity assessments, is imperative to ascertain its therapeutic potential in managing diabetes mellitus.