iPAL: A Machine Learning Based Smart Healthcare Framework for Automatic Diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is a prevalent disorder among the younger population. Standard evaluation techniques currently use evaluation forms, interviews with the patient, and more. However, its symptoms are similar to those of many other disorders like depression, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder, and these current diagnosis techniques are not very effective. Thus, a sophisticated computing model holds the potential to provide a promising diagnosis solution to this problem. This work attempts to explore methods to diagnose ADHD using combinations of multiple established machine learning techniques like neural networks and SVM models on the ADHD200 dataset and explore the field of neuroscience. In this work, multiclass classification is performed on phenotypic data using an SVM model. The better results have been analyzed on the phenotypic data compared to other supervised learning techniques like Logistic regression, KNN, AdaBoost, etc. In addition, neural networks have been implemented on functional connectivity from the MRI data of a sample of 40 subjects provided to achieve high accuracy without prior knowledge of neuroscience. It is combined with the phenotypic classifier using the ensemble technique to get a binary classifier. It is further trained and tested on 400 out of 824 subjects from the ADHD200 data set and achieved an accuracy of 92.5