Three-Dimensional Ray-Tracing-Based Propagation Prediction Model for Macrocellular Environment at Sub-6 GHz Frequencies

This paper presents a 3D ray-tracing model using geometrical optics and the uniform theory of diffraction in radio channel characterizations of macrocellular environments. On the basis of the environmental information obtained from a digitized map, the model is effectively applied. A technique considering multiple reflections and diffractions through the ray path classification is utilized in this model. Ray paths belonging to each ray category are determined using different methods. The proposed model is justified (the prediction accuracy of the model is better than 6.5 dB) with measurement data for the two scenarios and can provide reliable theory as a basis for radio wave propagation prediction and network planning in urban macrocellular environments.