Persistent modification of magnetotransport properties in LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} by gate-induced modification of structural domains

We investigate the influence of large electric fields on the transport properties of nanostructures patterned into the electron gas at the interface between LaAlO_{3} and SrTiO_{3} (100). In these nanostructures, the transport is largely dominated by domain walls between structural domains in the SrTiO_{3} appearing below a structural phase transition temperature. We find that both positive and negative gate voltages applied in a side-gate configuration can induce persistent changes in the sample that are only reversed by warming through the phase transition. These changes include a resistance increase and a change in magnetoresistance in magnitude and sign. Furthermore, a resistance anomaly during warm-up that has been observed in the past can be further increased by briefly applying a side-gate voltage. These effects are typically observed in nanostructures below a certain size limit. The electric fields also increase this size limit from a few-hundred nm to more than 1 μm. All these observations can be consistently explained by a field-induced removal of specific domain-wall types accompanied by an increasing domain size and a reduced number of domain walls in the structures. The results not only show that under certain conditions domain walls can dominate the transport properties even of micron-sized structures, but they also provide an additional tuning knob to induce nonvolatile changes in the transport properties of LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interfaces at low temperatures.