A Planar Time-Modulated Array with Integrated 2-Bit Phase Modulator

In this article, the implementation and experimental validation of harmonic beamforming in a planar 2-bit time-modulated array (TMA) is proposed. The incorporation of a 2-bit phase modulator effectively enhances the complex architecture, substantial dimensions, and limited integration level observed in existing TMA. By utilizing real/imaginary part modulation and time shift in Fourier transform, the optimization process is streamlined, enabling desired weighting of both amplitude and phase without relying on T/R modules. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the array’s capability for low sidelobe beam scanning and flat-top beam forming at the +1 ^st harmonic frequency.