Recent advances in fault detection techniques for photovoltaic systems: An overview, classification and performance evaluation

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are typically built outdoors in severe conditions and are vulnerable to a variety of defects, which will negatively impact their efficiency and reduce the system's performance as a whole. Therefore, implementing efficient fault identification and diagnosis is crucial to increase the productivity and efficiency of PV installations, ensure their safe operation and reduce maintenance costs. In this article, the types and causes of numerous faults that arise in PV systems are swiftly examined. Additionally, a number of the most recent methods suggested in the literature for PV fault diagnostics are reviewed and assessed. We only cover methods for locating faults on the DC side of the PV system. Based on the review that was conducted, suggestions for the direction of future studies are given. Finally, this document serves as a significant manual that offers relevant information on methods of detection and diagnosis for PV systems.