Concept and Design of a Multi-Polarization Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna with Symmetrical Biasing Control

Wireless communication systems have grown rapidly, moving towards being highly compact, intelligent, and flexible to adapt to changing operating requirements. Multifunctional and highly versatile antennas are key in this development to ensure system quality. Reconfigurable antennas, particularly regarding polarization, allow frequency reuse and enable the mitigation of fading effects. This work presents a square microstrip patch antenna operating in the ISM 5.8 GHz band with reconfigurable polarization by controlling its feeding. This antenna has four different states through the application of a symmetrical DC voltage that controls an RF circuit with PIN diodes. As a result, the microstrip patch can operate with three different polarizations: linear polarization and both circular polarizations (right-handed and left-handed). The antenna was fabricated to validate the proposed concept. The good agreement between the measurement and the simulation results was possible to observe regarding its polarization behaviour, impedance adaptation and radiation pattern.