Study on the flow pattern and evolution process of an effervescent atomizer

A high-speed backlight system was adopted to investigate the evolution process of the inside-out-gas (IOG) effervescent atomizer and subsequent influence on spray morphology. The results show that bubble flow and annular flow are the most obvious flow patterns when the liquid flow rate is 20 g/s. During the transition from bubble to annular flow, slug flow occurred at gas–liquid mass ratio (GLR) of 3.2