Predictors and Incidence of Health Status Deterioration in Patients with Early Atrial Fibrillation

Background Various treatment approaches for atrial fibrillation (AF) have demonstrated improved health status, yet the significance of these therapeutic interventions in individual patients remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to evaluate health status changes in patients with early AF, focusing on those who experience clinically significant deterioration following treatment initiation. Methods We analyzed data from a multicenter, prospective registry of newly diagnosed patients with AF. One-year changes in health status across different treatment strategies were assessed using the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-life Overall Summary (AFEQT-OS) score.Clinically relevant deterioration and improvement in health status were defined as ≥5-point decrease and increase in AFEQT-OS score, respectively; no change was -5 to 5 points. Results Overall, 1,960 patients with AF were evaluated. Mean AFEQT-OS score at baseline and 1-year follow-up were 76.7±17.7 and 85.4±14.8, respectively. Although most patients (53.9%) experienced clinically important improvement, a considerable proportion had no change (28.7%) or deterioration (17.4%) in their health status. Proportions of patients with no change or deterioration varied by treatment strategy: 59.9, 53.9, and 32.0% in rate control, antiarrhythmic drug, and catheter ablation groups, respectively. Multivariable model identified older age, female sex, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and higher baseline AFEQT-OS score as independent predictors of worsening health status, regardless of treatment strategy. Conclusion Many patients with early AF experience worsening or no change in health status irrespective of treatment strategy. Standardizing patients’ health status assessment, especially for patients with comorbidities may aid in patients’ selection and their outcomes.