Efficient preparation of no-glycerol biodiesel by tri-component coupling transesterification catalyzed over pollen-derived CaO

Abstract Rape pollen with fishnet-like network structure has been used as support in the construction of high dispersion CaO materials assigned to CaO(P) ("P" was symbol of the precipitation method) via precipitation and it has been employed in the enhanced no-glycerol biodiesel preparation. The relatively excellent activity was observed by yielding to no-glycerol biodiesel of 92.69% in the rapeseed 1/1/8 mixture of oil-methyl acetate-methanol at 65 ℃ for 3 h over 10 wt% of 1/1-CaO(P)-700 (calcinated at 700 ℃ and immernated in 1/1 of calcium nitrate to sodium carbonate). Characterizations over the templated CaO(P) samples have been conducted by means of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET),X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform- infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Based on the results, it can be found that the catalytic effect of templated CaO(P) was depend on both stronger basicity and enlarged micro-pore distribution which provide more sites for better catalysis.