Influence of thermal cycling rate and sintering temperature of barium titanate and barium strontium titanate ceramics on their dielectric properties

One of the negative effects of ferroelectric applications, particularly for electrocaloric effect (ECE) applications, is temperature hysteresis (Delta THyst). Temperature hysteresis is the difference between the temperatures corresponding to the maximum dielectric permittivity in heating and cooling modes. The value of Delta THyst is commensurate with the value of the ECE temperature change. The ECE is a phenomenon in which a material shows a reversible temperature change under an applied electric field. The aim of this work is to study the possibilities of temperature hysteresis reduction by varying the ceramic sintering temperature, changing the stoichiometry of BaxSr1-xTiO3 solid solutions, and changing the rate of the heating-cooling cycle.