Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Biocomposites of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. for Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis

Background: This research was conducted to create a treatment for osteoporosis (bone degenerating disorder) with hormone replacement therapy using Hydroxyapatites and chitosan as a composite. The research aims to develop bio-composite hydroxyapatite/chitosan-drug composites that will improve the absorption of calcium and phosphorus ions into the bone by acting as an extra source of these nutrients. Hydroxyapatite which resembles to bone minerals composition was prepared using chemical reaction method later incorporating it with chitosan using co-precipitation method forming hydroxyapatite-chitosan composites. Materials and Methods: Finally synthesizing Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Drug composite using homogenous mixture kept for 12 hr for incorporation. The prepared Hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite/ chitosan composites underwent XRD, FTIR and TGA studies giving us sharp diffraction peaks, functional group characteristic peaks and percentage weight loss respectively. Results and Discussion: Micrometrics measurements of the composites of hydroxyapatite and chitosan reveal good, Carr's index, percentage porosity and Hausner's ratio in batch F5 and F6 out of all six batches. HA/CS composites were also evaluated for water absorption study, water loss study, estimation of calcium and phosphorous ion. Estimation of phytogenic steroid and in-vitro drug release study was done on HA/CS-drug composites. Conclusion: As a conclusion, AFM study of batch F5 with drug revealed there was an improvement in uniformity of composite size and shape. The X drug was able to homogeneously incorporate in HA/CS composites giving good release of drug up to 12 hr. The study produced nano-composites, an innovative bone regeneration and tissue creation approach.