Enhanced sunlight-driven catalysis for hydrogen generation and dye remediation using synergistic p-Co₃O₄/n-TiO₂ nanocomposites

In this study, p-Co3O4/n-TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized using different ratios of cobalt and titanium precursors through a hydrothermal method. These nanocomposites demonstrated notable potential in photocatalytic applications for hydrogen production and orange-red dye degradation under sunlight. Various techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, FESEM, TEM, and BET analysis, were used to comprehensively characterize their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The nanocomposites exhibited both cubic and tetragonal phases of Co3O4 and TiO2, and their combined effect resulted in a narrowed band gap. Additionally, the presence of Co3O4 induced surface plasmon resonance on the TiO2 surface, effectively impeding electron-hole recombination. The nanocomposites displayed an average particle size of similar to 20 to 30 nm with substantial visible light absorption. High crystallinity and well-dispersed nanocomposites were confirmed by XRD and Raman, with BET surface areas ranging between 49 and 106 m(2) g(-1). Notably, the p-Co3O4/n-TiO2 nanocomposite showed superior photocatalytic activity, achieving a maximum hydrogen generation rate of 1120 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) and an 83% degradation efficiency of the orange-red dye within 6 minutes under sunlight. This study emphasizes the enhanced performance of the p-Co3O4/n-TiO2 nanocomposite, indicating its potential in photocatalytic applications, conforming to a pseudo-first-order kinetics model.