Structure and immunostimulatory activity studies on two novel Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides: revealing potential impacts of 6)--d-Glcp(1 on the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-B pathway
FOOD & FUNCTION(2024)
摘要
Two novel Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) polysaccharides, FVPH1 and FVPH2, were isolated and purified after hot water extraction. The structural characterization revealed that the backbone of FVPH1 consisted mainly of -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 ->, -> 3,4)-alpha-D-Galp(1 ->, -> 4)-alpha-L-Fucp(1 ->, and -> 4)-beta-D-Manp(1 ->, while the backbone of FVPH2 consisted of -> 3)-alpha-D-Galp(1 ->, -> 3,4)-alpha-D-Manp(1 ->,-> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 ->. The branches of FVPH1 contained -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 -> and alpha-D-Glcp(1 -> and the branches of FVPH2 consisted of -> 3)-alpha-D-Galp(1 ->, -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 ->, and beta-L-Fucp(1 ->. FVPH2 exhibited significantly better immunostimulatory activity than FVPH1 (P < 0.05), as evidenced by the increased expression of NO, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and pinocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. As the most abundant structure in the polysaccharides of F. velutipes, the content of -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 -> might play a crucial role in influencing the immunostimulatory activity of F. velutipes polysaccharides. The F. velutipes polysaccharide with a lower content of -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp(1 -> and a higher branching degree could significantly enhance the immunostimulatory activity of F. velutipes polysaccharides via activating the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-kappa B pathway more effectively.
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