A review on electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion via C-C and C-N coupling

Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules, such as CO2 and nitrogen-containing species, are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO2 reduction products. The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, along with the coupling mechanisms of C-C and C-N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed. The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed, aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO2 reduction systems.