Paraprobiotics 5-PA and 6-PA restore intestinal homeostasis by inhibiting NF-B/NLRP3 signaling pathway and alleviating dysbiosis in mice with chronic ulcerative colitis

Research on the role of paraprobiotics in ameliorating the pathology of ulcerative colitis and its intestinal homeostatic imbalance is still limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of the anti-inflammatory probiotic HF05 and HF06 derived paraprobiotics 5 -PA and 6 -PA on mice with ulcerative colitis and their intestinal homeostasis. 5 -PA and 6 -PA alleviated inflammation, intestinal damage, and weight loss in mice, suppressed the activation of the NF-kappa B/NLRP3 signaling pathway, and upregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1). Notably, the two paraprobiotic regulated the gut microbiota and their metabolic interactions with the host. Specific taxa of gut microbes, including unclassified f_Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Adlercreutzia, and Candidatus_Homeothermus, as well as bile acids and glycerophospholipid metabolites, were closely associated with gut homeostasis. In conclusion, this study confirms the beneficial effects of 5 -PA and 6 -PA in alleviating ulcerative colitis and promoting intestinal homeostasis.