Structure and properties of cerium-doped TiO2 coatings on Ti40Nb alloy by micro-arc oxidation

Peri-implantitis and insufficient osseointegration are major challenges currently facing dental implants. Therefore, enhancing the antibacterial and bioactive properties of implants is crucial. This study developed a novel Ce-doped porous coating on low-modulus Ti40Nb alloy by micro-arc oxidation to improve antibacterial and bioactive properties. We systematically investigated the microstructure, phase composition, adhesion to the substrate, hydrophilicity, antibacterial and cell compatibility of the coatings, and the effect of Ce content on the coating formation was discussed. The increase in the concentration of Ce3+ ions in the coating significantly enhances its antibacterial properties. The introduction of the porous structure endows the coating with excellent osteogenic differentiation activity, indicating that the cerium-doped MAO coating on the Ti40Nb alloy has great potential in dental applications.