Complexity of emerging magnetic flux during lifetime of solar ephemeral regions
arxiv(2024)
摘要
As a relatively active region, ephemeral region (ER) exhibits highly complex
pattern of magnetic flux emergence. We aim to study detailed secondary flux
emergences (SFEs) which we define as bipoles that they appear close to ERs and
finally coalesce with ERs after a period. We study the SFEs during the whole
process from emergence to decay of 5 ERs observed by the Helioseismic and
Magnetic Imager (HMI) aboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) . The maximum
unsigned magnetic flux for each ER is around 10^20 Mx. Each ER has tens of
SFEs with an average emerging magnetic flux of approximately 5×10^18
Mx. The frequency of normalized magnetic flux for all the SFEs follows a power
law distribution with an index of -2.08 . The majority of SFEs occur between
the positive and negative polarities of ER , and their growth time is
concentrated within one hour. The magnetic axis of SFE is found to exhibit a
random distribution in the 5 ERs. We suggest that the relationship between SFEs
and ERs can be understood by regarding the photospheric magnetic field
observations as cross-sections of an emerging magnetic structure. Tracking the
ERs' evolution, we propose that these SFEs in ERs may be sequent emergences
from the bundle of flux tube of ERs, and that SFEs are partially emerged
Ω-loops.
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