Mo-Mg isotopes trace the role of serpentinite in generating arc magmatism

Serpentinite-derived components play an important role in chemical cycling in subduction zones. However, it is difficult to identify recycled serpentinite in subarc mantle due to the overprinting of other slab components, and how serpentinite contributes to arc magmatism is poorly understood. Here we report Mo and Mg isotopic compositions of Early Paleozoic Qushiang arc mafic rocks in the East Kunlun orogen. The Qushiang mafic rocks have variable δ98Mo values of −0.50‰ to 0.78% and δ26Mg values of −0.31‰ to −0.05‰. These features, combining with arc-type trace element distribution patterns, enriched SrNd isotopes, and variable zircon HfO isotopes, suggest the incorporation of different subducting components in their mantle source. Some mafic rocks show high δ98Mo values together with low Mo/Ce ratios and enriched SrNd isotopes, suggesting the contribution of subducted sediment (SSD)-derived melts. Additionally, light Mo isotopes are also identified in mafic rocks, which are closely related to depleted SrNd isotopes. These features are mainly inherited from the subducted dehydrated altered oceanic crust (SAOC)-derived melts. More importantly, the coexisting and significantly high δ26Mg and δ98Mo values of these rocks could not be explained by the SSD or SAOC components, but require serpentinite components in the subarc mantle source. Our study reveals that combined Mo and Mg isotopic studies are potential tools for tracing serpentinite recycling, and provides new insight into the mechanisms by which different subducting components contribute to arc magmatism.