Ultrasonication-assisted optimization of pterostilbene extraction from Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood using response surface methodology

The present investigation established optimal conditions for ultrasonication-assisted extraction concerning yield and pterostilbene content using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) from the heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus originating from different geographical locations (sample AP and WB). The influence of extraction temperature (X1: 30–50 °C), sonication time (X2: 15–45 min), and solvent/biomass ratio (X3: 20–60) were used as independent input variables resulting in the optimal conditions X1: 42.18, X2: 15.54, X3: 31.58 (sample AP) and X1: 30.00, X2: 31.38, X3: 20.00 (sample WB). Experimentally obtained values of yield 168.375 mg and 20.1 mg and AUC 498354 and 695295, respectively, for sample AP and WB, were in close agreement with those predicted by the RSM-BBD model. Additionally, the samples displayed the potential to inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase.