Screen-printed electrode containing bismuth/graphene oxide hybrid for simultaneous detection of cadmium and lead ions

The heavy metal ions pollution of the soil and water ecosystem resulted in thorny environmental issues throughout the world. Herein, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) with carbon ink mixed with bismuth/graphene oxide hybrid (Bi/GO-SPE) was successfully prepared to simultaneously determine Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions. The detection range of Cd2+ is from 5 to 50 μg/L with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.55 μg/L. The detection range of Pb2+ is from 5 to 50 μg/L with LOD of 1.31 μg/L. When the Bi/GO-SPE detects Cd2+ and Pb2+ simultaneously, the linear detection range is from 5 to 50 μg/L, with LOD of 2.43 μg/L for Cd2+ and 2.09 μg/L for Pb2+ respectively. The Bi/GO-SPE exhibited favorable conductivity, exceptional stability, and robust anti-interference. The Bi/GO-SPE holds great potential in the detection of heavy metal ions in real water samples.